The radial head is the top of the radial bone, located just below the elbow. The radius runs from the wrist to the elbow, and fractures in this bone often occur near the top of the bone, or the radial head. A radial head fracture may be caused by a fall or a sports-related injury, and in some cases, a radial head fracture may occur when the elbow has been dislocated. Symptoms of a radial head fracture include elbow pain and swelling, and difficulty bending the elbow. It also may be difficult to move or turn the forearm.
A radial head fracture is diagnosed through a physical examination and the doctor may attempt to move the arm into different positions. X-rays are performed to determine the degree of displacement and the severity of the fracture. CT scans may also be performed, and after a review of these images, an appropriate treatment plan is developed.
Treatment for a radial head fracture varies based on the severity of the fracture but commonly includes medication to control pain and swelling. If the radial head fracture is small, resulting only in cracks to the bone, treatment may only involve using a splint or sling for a few weeks while the bone heals. Severe breaks may require surgery to insert pins or rods to hold the bones together to promote healing. In some cases, arthroscopic surgery may be performed to:
- Repair torn ligaments
- Debride dead tissue
- Remove extra fragments of bone
In severe cases, when the radial head bone has broken into multiple pieces that cannot be put back together for healing, a procedure known as radial head replacement may be performed. During this procedure, the deformed radial head is surgically removed and replaced with a prosthetic radial head. This surgery may be performed to improve long-term function of the elbow. Physical therapy is necessary after all forms of treatment for radial head fractures, and may include exercises to restore muscle strength, range of motion and flexibility.
FAQs
What Are the Different Types of Radial Head Fractures?
- Type I (Nondisplaced): This type involves a crack in the radial head, but the bone pieces stay in their original position. These fractures are usually stable and don't need surgery.
- Type II (Displaced): In this type, the bone fragments move out of place. This may cause a gap or shift. These fractures might need more intensive treatment to realign and stabilize the bone.
- Type III (Comminuted): This is the most severe type, where the radial head breaks into multiple pieces. These fractures often need surgery to repair or replace the damaged bone.
When Is Surgery Necessary for a Radial Head Fracture?
Surgery is needed for radial head fractures in these situations:
- Severe Displacement: When the bone pieces are significantly out of place.
- Comminuted Fractures: When the bone shatters into many pieces.
- Joint Instability: If the fracture makes the elbow joint unstable.
- Failed Non-Surgical Treatment: If treatments like immobilization and physical therapy don't heal the fracture or relieve symptoms.
What Does the Surgical Procedure for a Radial Head Fracture Involve?
The surgical procedure depends on the fracture's type and severity but may include these steps:
- Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF): For fractures with fewer fragments, the surgeon will make an incision, realign the bone pieces, and secure them using metal plates, screws, or pins.
- Radial Head Replacement: If the radial head is too damaged to fix, the surgeon might replace it with a metal or synthetic implant.
- Removal of Bone Fragments: If bone fragments are interfering with the joint, the surgeon may remove them to reduce pain and improve movement.
After surgery, patients may experience a period of keeping the elbow still. This is followed by physical therapy to help you regain strength and movement.
How Long Does Recovery Take After a Radial Head Fracture?
- Non-Surgical Treatment: Patients with Type I fractures may recover in 6-8 weeks. They can gradually return to normal activities after this healing period.
- Surgical Treatment: Recovery from surgery can take longer, often 3-6 months. This is because it involves both healing from the surgery and rehabilitation.
Can a Radial Head Fracture Lead to Long-Term Issues?
Most people recover from radial head fractures without any long-term problems. However, some may experience issues like:
- Reduced Range of Motion
- Chronic Pain
- Arthritis
- Nerve Damage
Being treated by a skilled physician can reduce the risk of long-term conditions like these. The professionals at Orthopedic Associates of Long Island use advanced techniques and the latest treatment methods to help patients recover from fractures and other injuries.
Why Choose Orthopedic Associates of Long Island?
Choosing Orthopedic Associates of Long Island means receiving excellent care at eight convenient locations. Our team includes dozens of skilled doctors, physician assistants, physical therapists, and athletic trainers, all of whom are dedicated to providing top-quality orthopedic treatment.
With our expertise and modern facilities, we offer personalized care to help you recover and feel your best. Trust us for your orthopedic needs and experience the difference our unique approach can make.
